As the epidermis is the most superficial layer of skin, it is constantly exposed to environmental factors that cause damage to it, while chronological ageing is also involved in damaging the epidermis. Repair requires the use of ingredients that provide moisture and also act dermally. Repair of damage to the dermis requires the use of ingredients that work in synthesising numerous cell elements such as fibroblast stimulation to produce collagen and elastin. Action must also be taken against oxidising processes and the skin must be thoroughly moisturised using products with active ingredients.